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Mental Retardation in Teenagers: Prevalence Data From the Niagara Region, Ontario

Elspeth A Bradley, Ann Thompson, Susan E Bryson

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Mental Retardation in Teenagers: Prevalence Data From the Niagara Region, Ontario



Funding and Support

This research was funded by Health Canada through the National Health Research and Development Program (Dr Bradley and Dr Bryson). Dr Bradley was also supported from the Retarded Children’s Fund, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto.

Acknowledgement

The authors thank all those who participated in the study: all the young people in Niagara and their families who gave so generously of their time; the staff within the school and developmental disability services systems in the Niagara Region; our research personnel Debbie Jones and Mary Anne Bell; Dr Tolomiczenko for statistical consultations; and Marika Korossy for invaluable support throughout the study .

Notes

1. In Canada developmental disability is now generally the preferred term; however in this paper we have retained the term mental retardation as this is defined in DSM IV and more precisely defines the population that was the focus of our research.

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994.

2. Meerding WJ, Bonneux L, Polder JJ, Koopmanschap MA, van der Maas PJ. Demographic and epidemiological determinants of healthcare costs in Netherlands: cost of illness study. BMJ 1998;317:111–5.

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12. Richardson SA, Koller H. Twenty-two years: causes and consequences of mental retardation. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press; 1996.

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16. Baird PA, Sadovnick AD. Mental retardation in over half-a-million consecutive live births: an epidemiological study. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 1985;89:323–30.

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18. Statistics Canada, CANSIM. Population of census metropolitan areas. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 1998.

19. Hollingshead A de B. Four factor index of social status, 1975. Located at: Department of Sociology, Yale University.

20. World Health Organization. ICD-10 international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. 10th revision ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.

21. Wing L. MRC Social Psychiatry Unit, 1985. Located at: Institute of Psychiatry, London (UK).

22. Murphy CC, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Decoufle P, Drews CD. The administrative prevalence of mental retardation in 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1985 through 1987. Am J Public Health 1995;85:319–23.

23. Kebbon L. Relation between criteria: case-finding method and prevalence. Ups J Med Sci Suppl 1987;44:19–23.

24. Sonnander K, Emanuelsson I, Kebbon L. Pupils with mild mental retardation in regular Swedish schools: prevalence, objective characteristics, and subjective evaluations. Am J Ment Retard 1993;97:692–701.

25. Simmons HG. From Asylum to welfare. Downsview (ON): National Institute on Mental Retardation; 1982. Chapter 10.

26. Grunewald K. Mentally retarded children and young people in Sweden. Integration into society: the progress in the last decade. Acta Paediat Scand Suppl 1979;275:75–84.


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Manuscript received August 2001, revised, and accepted May 2002.

1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto; Psychiatrist-in-Chief Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, Ontario.

2 Research Coordinator, Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto ; Associate Scientist, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.

Address for correspondence: Dr E Bradley, Biomedical Services and Research Division, Surrey Place Centre, 2 Surrey Place, Toronto, ON M5S 2C2

e-mail: e.bradley@utoronto.ca

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