|
Table 2. Clinical features and lifetime comorbidity in childhood- and adolescent-onset bipolar disorder |
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|
|
Childhood-onset |
Adolescent-onset |
||
|
|
n = 20 |
n = 23 |
c2 |
P |
|
Age, mean (SD) |
12.95 (3.4) |
16.6 (1.3) |
–4.73 |
0.0001 |
|
Age at onset, mean (SD) |
9.85 (2.50) |
14.39 (1.10) |
–7.92 |
0.0001 |
|
Clinical global impression, mean (SD) |
4.68 (0.759) |
5 (0.80) |
–1.31 |
ns |
|
Bipolar disorder |
||||
|
Type I, n (%) |
8 (40.0) |
16 (69.6) |
|
|
|
Type II, n (%) |
12 (60.0) |
7 (30.4) |
3.79 |
0.051 |
|
Lifetime comorbidity, n (%) |
||||
|
Obsessive–compulsive disorder |
8 (40.0) |
11 (47.8) |
0.27 |
ns |
|
Social phobia |
8 (40.0) |
9 (39.1) |
0.003 |
ns |
|
Panic disorder or agoraphobia |
4 (20.0) |
7 (30.4) |
0.61 |
ns |
|
Separation anxiety disorder |
3 (15.0) |
4 (17.4) |
0.04 |
ns |
|
Generalized anxiety disorder |
4 (20.0) |
4 (17.4) |
0.048 |
ns |
|
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or conduct disorder |
10 (50.0) |
2 (8.7) |
9.07 |
0.003 |
|
Comorbid anxiety disorders, mean (SD) |
1.3 (1.4) |
1.5 (1.0) |
–0.61 |
ns |
|
Comorbid disorders, mean (SD) |
2.1 (1.87) |
1.61 (1.12) |
0.95 |
ns |
|
Pharmacologic hypomania, n (%) |
7 (35.0) |
5 (21.74) |
0.93 |
ns |
|
Index episode, n (%) |
||||
|
Depressive |
11 (55.0) |
7 (30.4) |
|
|
|
(Hypo)mania |
3 (15.0) |
11 (47.8) |
|
|
|
Mixed |
6 (30.0) |
5 (21.7) |
5.37 |
ns (0.07) |