Table 1. Demographic and clinical features, lifetime comorbidity,
and first-degree family history in children and adolescents
with bipolar disorder (n = 43)

Age, mean (SD)

14.9 (3.1)

< 13 years, n (%)

20 (46.5)

From 13 to 18 years, n (%)

23 (53.9)

Sex

Male subjects, n (%)

Female subjects, n (%)

26 (60.5)

17 (39.5)

Lifetime comorbidity, n (%)

Obsessive–compulsive disorder

26 (44.2)

Social phobia

17 (39.5)

Panic disorder or agoraphobia

11 (25.6)

Separation anxiety disorder

7 (16.3)

Generalized anxiety disorder

8 (18.6)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or
conduct disorder

12 (27.9)

Age at onset, mean (SD)

Bipolar disorder

12.27 (2.94)

Obsessive–compulsive disorder

9.63 (2.71)

Social phobia

6.62 (1.74)

Panic disorder or agoraphobia

10.27 (4.62)

Separation anxiety

6.12 (2.69)

Generalized anxiety disorder

8.62 (1.99)

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or
conduct disorder

4.2 (0.63)

Comorbid anxiety disorders, mean (SD)

1.41(1.18)

None, n (%)

10 (23.5)

1

15 (34.9)

2  or more

18 (41.6)

Comorbid disorders, mean (SD)

1.81 (1.5)

None, n (%)

5 (11.6)

1

18 (41.9)

2 or more

20 (46.5)

CGI-Severity, mean (SD)

4.85 (0.78)